Through its publications, INSS provides rigorous, forward‑looking research and analysis on critical national security issues that support the joint warfighter and inform Department of War decision‑makers.
Aug. 18, 2026
Decision Advantage in Cognitive Warfare, Part 2
A central challenge of cognitive warfare is governing the relationship between institutional cognition and an operational environment in which informational, behavioral, and social dynamics evolve continuously and often independently of military decision timelines. To meet this challenge, we propose that future command architectures should emphasize and integrate mechanisms for the adaptive synchronization of human judgment, AI, and the cognitive ecosystem being engaged.
AI Versus AI: Human Engagement Via SYNTHComm in AI Warfare
In the AAIRR journal, INSS experts Dr. Elise G. Annett and Dr. James Giordano propose and define a dialectical command framework that represents a synthesis of human cognition and artificial intelligence (SYNTHComm), which is designed to realign the ethics of force projection in an era of increasingly autonomous systems.
Aug. 11, 2026
Decision Advantage in Cognitive Warfare, Part 1
The functions of observation and orientation, central components of the OODA (Observe-Orient-Decide-Act) loop posited by Colonel John Boyd, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot, military strategist, and influential theorist of decision-making, have long been used to explain the cognitive processes that underpin military leadership and operational effectiveness.