The Aug. 8 meeting in Washington between Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev marked a watershed in the decades-long struggle between the South Caucasus neighbors. The two countries signed a framework agreement that could lead to the end of a conflict that predates their independence from the Soviet Union, unlock regional trade and investment deals, and insert the United States as an important actor into a region long dominated by Russia, Turkey, and Iran.

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Jeffrey Mankoff is a Distinguished Research Fellow in the INSS Center for Strategy and Military Power.