On 3 April 2023, T.X. Hammes published an article in the Atlantic Council titled "Game-changers: Implications of the Russo-Ukraine war for the future of ground warfare".

What does the record of combat in the year since Russia began its full-scale invasion of Ukraine herald about the future character of ground war? Defense analysts are split on whether the conflict manifests transformative change or merely reinforces the verities of ground combat. On the one hand, the bulk of each side’s formations are armed with decades-old equipment and trained in Soviet-era tactics. However, both forces are adapting, and the Ukrainian military is demonstrating an impressive propensity to improvise and innovate. In particular, Russia was not prepared for Ukraine’s convergence of new capabilities in command and control, persistent surveillance, and massed, precision fires which are changing the game of ground warfare.

T.X. Hammes is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic Research (CSR).

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